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Overview

Lesson 6 enters the second foundational stone of Romans — sanctification in Christ (chapters 6–8) — beginning with a question that Romans 5 naturally provokes: if grace abounded where sin abounded, shall we sin more so grace may abound more? The answer is God forbid, but it is not a moral appeal — it is a statement of positional reality. The believer is dead to sin. This death was

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Lesson 5 rounds out the first foundational stone of Romans — justification in Christ (chapters 1–5) — by drawing out its direct consequences for the believer. Romans 5:1 opens with “therefore,” signaling that everything proved in chapters 1–4 about guilt, righteousness, and faith now produces specific, identifiable results. Three redemptive benefits belong to every justified believer:

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Lesson 4 arrives at the great hinge of the epistle — the “But now” of Romans 3:21. Every chapter prior established the necessity: all men, Jew and Gentile alike, are under sin, guilty before God, every mouth stopped, no flesh justified by the law’s deeds. Now Paul unveils God’s answer. The righteousness of God without the law is manifested — not earned,

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Overview

Romans 3 opens Paul’s proof that all men — Gentile and Jew alike — stand guilty before God, deserving of His wrath. Beginning at creation and working historically forward, Paul demonstrates that man’s departure from God follows a predictable downward spiral: vain imaginations lead to idolatry, idolatry to uncleanness, uncleanness to vile affections, and ultimately to a reprobate mind. God’s threefold judicial “giving up” marks

each stage. The Gentile without law and the Jew with it are both proven inexcusable — the Gentile by conscience and creation, the Jew by possessing yet breaking the very law he boasts in. God’s goodness, forbearance, and longsuffering are not a pardon but an invitation to repentance; a hardened heart only treasures up wrath. The law’s verdict is final: every mouth is stopped, all the world is guilty before God, and no flesh shall be justified by its deeds. The law’s purpose was never justification — it is the knowledge of sin. This clears the ground for the great “But now” of Romans 3:21.

Breakdown of the Lesson

Romans 1:18 — The Wrath of God Defined. Three things are established: the wrath of God is His righteous response against unrighteousness; it comes from heaven, where Christ is now seated; and it is revealed — declared and known, though not yet poured out.

Romans 1:19–32 — Man’s Historical Departure from God. Creation left every man without excuse. Yet man glorified God not, became vain in his imaginations, and exchanged the glory of God for idols. God responded with three judicial acts of “giving up” — to uncleanness (v. 24), to vile affections including homosexuality (v. 26), and to a reprobate mind (v. 28). The catalog of sins in verses 29–32 shows the full fruit of that departure. A contrast is drawn with Romans 12:1–2: where the reprobate mind rejected God, the believer’s mind is renewed; where the body was dishonored, the believer presents his body to God.

Romans 2:1–5 — The Judging Man Is Inexcusable. The man who judges others condemns himself, for he does the same things. Judging others provides no escape from the wrath of God. God’s goodness, forbearance, and longsuffering are designed to lead to repentance — not to signal permission to continue in sin. A hard, impenitent heart only stores up wrath for the day of wrath.

Romans 2:2, 6, 11, 16 — Four Criteria of God’s Judgment. The judgment of God is according to truth, according to deeds, without respect of persons, and executed by Jesus Christ. No moral comparison, no ethnic identity, and no religious privilege alters the standard.

Romans 2:17–29 — The Jew Proven Guilty. The Jew rests in the law, boasts in God, and considers himself a guide to others — yet breaks the very law he preaches. His circumcision profits nothing if the law is broken. True circumcision is of the heart, in the spirit, not of the flesh.

Romans 3:9–20 — The Verdict: All Under Sin. Jews are no better than Gentiles. Scripture’s own testimony closes the case: none righteous, none seeking God, every part of man — throat, tongue, lips, mouth, feet — engaged in sin. The law stops every mouth. No flesh is justified by its deeds. The law is the knowledge of sin.

Key Takeaways

• The wrath of God is His righteous, settled response against unrighteousness — not arbitrary anger. It is revealed from heaven and not yet poured out; Christ will execute it.

• Man’s departure from God follows a downward progression driven by vain imaginations — leading to idolatry, uncleanness, vile affections, and a reprobate mind.

• God’s threefold “giving up” is a judicial act: He removes restraint in direct response to man’s persistent rejection of Him.

• Judging others provides no escape from God’s judgment — the judger does the same things he condemns.

• God’s goodness and longsuffering have a purpose: repentance. Hardness of heart in the face of that goodness only multiplies wrath.

• The judgment of God operates on four fixed criteria — truth, deeds, no respect of persons, by Christ — closing every human excuse.

• The Jew’s possession of the law made him more accountable, not less. Breaking what you boast in dishonors God and compounds guilt.

• The law was never designed to justify — it was designed to produce the knowledge of sin and stop every mouth before God.

• The conclusion of Romans 1–3:20 is total: all under sin, all guilty, all mouths stopped. This is the necessary foundation for the righteousness of God in Romans 3:21.

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Overview
Lesson 2 begins unfolding the doctrinal content of Romans by introducing the gospel of God, Paul’s apostleship, and the gospel of Christ, while also establishing

humanity’s universal need for salvation. Paul presents the gospel as centered in Jesus Christ—promised in the Scriptures, manifested through His death and resurrection, and now proclaimed with clarity through his apostleship to all nations. The lesson emphasizes that the gospel reveals the righteousness of God as the solution to mankind’s unrighteousness and coming wrath. It then begins to trace humanity’s historical and ongoing departure from God, demonstrating that all people—regardless of background—are guilty before Him and in need of the salvation found in Christ.

Breakdown of the Lesson

1. Review and Transition from Lesson 1

• Paul writes to believers but is hindered from visiting them.

• The letter serves as a substitute to establish them doctrinally.

• Romans provides foundational truth, with more fullness to come later.

2. The Gospel of God (Romans 1:1–4)

• Paul is separated unto the gospel of God.

• The gospel of God was promised beforehand in the Scriptures.

• It is now fully manifested, not just hinted at.

• It concerns Jesus Christ:

  • Seed of David (His humanity)

  • Declared Son of God by resurrection (His deity and power)

3. Paul’s Apostleship (Romans 1:5)

• Received directly from the risen Christ.

• Distinct from the 12 apostles and their ministry.

• Commissioned to the Gentiles and all nations.

• Purpose: to bring about “obedience of faith”.

• His ministry includes:

  • Authority from God

  • A specific message (the gospel)

  • Signs and wonders confirming his apostleship

• Central aim: to bear and magnify the name of Jesus Christ.

4. The Gospel of Christ (Romans 1:16–17)

• The gospel is the power of God unto salvation.

• Salvation centers on the righteousness of God.

• This righteousness is received by faith.

• It addresses humanity’s greatest need.

5. The Wrath of God and Man’s Condition (Romans 1:18ff)

• God’s wrath is revealed against all ungodliness and unrighteousness.

• Humanity suppresses truth and turns from God.

• This establishes the necessity of salvation.

6. Man’s Historical and Universal Sinfulness

• Paul traces sin from creation onward.

• All humanity is without excuse due to general revelation.

• He progressively addresses:

  • Man in general

  • Gentiles (without the law)

  • Jews (with the law)

• Conclusion: all are under sin and guilty before God (Romans 3).

Key Takeaways

• The gospel of God was promised in Scripture but is now fully revealed in Christ.

• Jesus Christ—His incarnation and resurrection—is the central focus of the gospel.

• Paul’s apostleship is unique, given by the risen Christ to reach all nations.

• The “obedience of faith” means responding to the gospel by believing it.

• The gospel of Christ is the power of God that brings salvation through His righteousness.

• Humanity’s core problem is unrighteousness, making all deserving of God’s wrath.

• God’s wrath is just and directed against all sin without partiality.

• Every person—Jew and Gentile alike—is guilty before God.

• Sin is not merely behavioral but rooted in humanity’s identity in Adam.

• The early chapters of Romans build the case that all need the saving righteousness of God.

Romans L2 Study Guide

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This lesson introduces the book of Romans by establishing its purpose, audience, and overall structure. Paul writes to believers in Rome with the aim of preaching the gospel to them in greater depth—not merely for salvation, but for their spiritual growth and establishment. The lesson highlights the personal nature of the letter, explaining Paul’s long-standing desire to visit Rome, his repeated hindrances, and his decision to write in place of his physical presence. Romans is presented as a foundational, carefully ordered explanation of the gospel of Jesus Christ, designed to strengthen believers in their understanding of God, their identity in Christ, and their walk in the world.

Key Takeaways

• Romans is written specifically to believers (the “called,” “beloved,” and those justified by faith).

• The gospel is not only for salvation but also for the ongoing edification and strengthening of believers.

• Paul’s purpose is to explain the gospel in detail, moving beyond a simple message into its full implications.

• The letter reflects a personal relationship—Paul deeply desires to visit Rome but has been hindered.

• In his absence, Paul “preaches” through writing, delivering what he would have taught in person.

• The gospel is the power of God both to save and to establish believers spiritually.

• Romans serves as a foundational “establishing” document, laying doctrinal groundwork in Christ.

• The structure of Romans follows a clear progression:

  • Chapters 1–5: Justification in Christ

  • Chapters 6–8: Sanctification in Christ

  • Chapters 9–11: Dispensational identity

  • Chapters 12–16: Practical Christian living

• Paul’s broader ministry and mission explain both his delay and the depth of the letter.

• The ultimate goal is that believers be firmly grounded in Christ and strengthened in faith and understanding.

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Romans L1 Study Guide

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Romans Course Syllabus

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Romans Course PowerPoint (pdf)

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This orientation video introduces a structured course on the Book of Romans, explaining what the course will cover, why Romans is essential to the Christian faith, and how students should approach the study. It emphasizes that Romans serves as a foundational explanation of key doctrines—particularly the gospel, justification by grace through faith, the believer’s identity in Christ, and God’s redemptive plan through Jesus Christ.

The video also outlines the course format (14 lessons of 30–40 minutes each) and highlights eight primary learning objectives, including understanding the flow of the epistle, the role of the law and the Spirit, and the believer’s walk in light of God’s will. In addition, it provides practical guidance, urging students to read and reread Romans regularly and to stay engaged with each lesson’s assigned passages. Overall, the video sets expectations and encourages a diligent, thoughtful approach to gaining a deeper, life-shaping understanding of Scripture through this study.